Flip-chip, face-up and face-down centerbond memory wirebond assemblies

ABSTRACT

A microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having first and second surfaces and an aperture extending therebetween, the substrate having terminals. The assembly can also include a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element and projecting beyond an edge of the first microelectronic element, first and second leads electrically connecting contacts of the respective first and second microelectronic elements to the terminals, and third leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and second microelectronic elements. The contacts of the first microelectronic element can be exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge thereof. The contacts of the second microelectronic element can be disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof. The first, second, and third leads can have portions aligned with the aperture.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/477,967, filed Apr. 21, 2011, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The following commonly-owned applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 61/477,820, 61/477,877, and 61/477,883, all filed Apr. 21, 2011.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to stacked microelectronic assemblies and methods of making such assemblies, and to components useful in such assemblies.

Semiconductor chips are commonly provided as individual, prepackaged units. A standard chip has a flat, rectangular body with a large front face having contacts connected to the internal circuitry of the chip. Each individual chip typically is mounted in a package which, in turn, is mounted on a circuit panel such as a printed circuit board and which connects the contacts of the chip to conductors of the circuit panel. In many conventional designs, the chip package occupies an area of the circuit panel considerably larger than the area of the chip itself. As used in this disclosure with reference to a flat chip having a front face, the “area of the chip” should be understood as referring to the area of the front face. In “flip chip” designs, the front face of the chip confronts the face of a package substrate, i.e., chip carrier and the contacts on the chip are bonded directly to contacts of the chip carrier by solder balls or other connecting elements. In turn, the chip carrier can be bonded to a circuit panel through terminals overlying the front face of the chip. The “flip chip” design provides a relatively compact arrangement; each chip occupies an area of the circuit panel equal to or slightly larger than the area of the chip's front face, such as disclosed, for example, in certain embodiments of commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,148,265; 5,148,266; and 5,679,977, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Certain innovative mounting techniques offer compactness approaching or equal to that of conventional flip-chip bonding. Packages which can accommodate a single chip in an area of the circuit panel equal to or slightly larger than the area of the chip itself are commonly referred to as “chip-sized packages.”

Besides minimizing the planar area of the circuit panel occupied by microelectronic assembly, it is also desirable to produce a chip package that presents a low, overall height or dimension perpendicular to the plane of the circuit panel. Such thin microelectronic packages allow for placement of a circuit panel having the packages mounted therein in close proximity to neighboring structures, thus producing the overall size of the product incorporating the circuit panel. Various proposals have been advanced for providing plural chips in a single package or module. In the conventional “multi-chip module”, the chips are mounted side-by-side on a single package substrate, which in turn can be mounted to the circuit panel. This approach offers only limited reduction in the aggregate area of the circuit panel occupied by the chips. The aggregate area is still greater than the total surface area of the individual chips in the module.

It has also been proposed to package plural chips in a “stack” arrangement i.e., an arrangement where plural chips are placed one on top of another. In a stacked arrangement, several chips can be mounted in an area of the circuit panel that is less than the total area of the chips. Certain stacked chip arrangements are disclosed, for example, in certain embodiments of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,679,977; 5,148,265; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,347,159, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,033, also incorporated herein by reference, discloses an arrangement in which chips are stacked on top of another and interconnected with one another by conductors on so-called “wiring films” associated with the chips.

Despite these efforts in the art, further improvements would be desirable in the case of multi-chip packages for chips having contacts located substantially in central regions of the chips. Certain semiconductor chips, such as some memory chips, are commonly made with the contacts in one or two rows located substantially along a central axis of the chip.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to microelectronic assemblies and method of manufacturing the same. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, and a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element. The substrate can have terminals. The first microelectronic element can also include a rear surface remote from the front surface and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces. The first microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element. The second microelectronic element can have first and second opposed edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can extend between the first and second edges. The second microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can project beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element. The microelectronic assembly can also include first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals, second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the terminals, and third leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element with the contacts of the second microelectronic element. The first, second, and third leads can have portions aligned with the aperture.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first or second leads can include wire bonds extending from the contacts of at least one of the first or second microelectronic elements. In one embodiment, the portions of at least one of the first leads and the second leads aligned with the aperture can be portions of monolithic conductive elements having second portions extending along the substrate to the terminals. In a particular embodiment, the microelectronic assembly can also include a spacing element between the front surface of the second microelectronic element and the first surface of the substrate. In a particular embodiment, the first microelectronic element can include a chip configured to predominantly perform a logic function. In an exemplary embodiment, the second microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function. In one embodiment, the first microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.

Further aspects of the invention can provide systems that incorporate microelectronic assemblies according to the foregoing aspects of the invention in conjunction with other electronic components electrically connected thereto. For example, the terminals can be electrically connected to a circuit panel. In another example, the system can be disposed in and/or mounted to a single housing, which can be a portable housing. Systems according to preferred embodiments in this aspect of the invention can be more compact than comparable conventional systems.

In one embodiment, a microelectronic component can include first and second microelectronic assemblies as described above. The first microelectronic assembly can be electrically connected with and can at least partially overlie the second microelectronic assembly. In an exemplary embodiment, the microelectronic assemblies can be electrically connected with one another through joining units arranged adjacent a periphery of the microelectronic component. In a particular embodiment, the joining units can be located outside of a depopulated central region of the microelectronic component. In one embodiment, some of the microelectronic elements can include a volatile random access memory (RAM), and some of the microelectronic elements can include nonvolatile flash memory. In a particular embodiment, at least one of the first microelectronic elements can be configured predominantly to perform a logic function, and at least one of the second microelectronic elements can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, and a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element. The substrate can have terminals. The first microelectronic element can also include a rear surface remote from the front surface and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces. The first microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element. The second microelectronic element can have first and second opposed edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can extend between the first and second edges. The second microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can project beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element. The microelectronic assembly can also include first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals, second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the terminals, and third leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals. The first leads and third leads can be connected to terminals on opposite sides of the aperture. The first, second, and third leads can have portions aligned with the aperture.

In a particular embodiment, the first microelectronic element can include a chip configured to predominantly perform a logic function. In an exemplary embodiment, the second microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function. In one embodiment, the first microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element, and a third microelectronic element disposed between first surface of the substrate and the front surface of the second microelectronic element. The substrate can have terminals.

The first microelectronic element can also include a rear surface remote from the front surface and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces. The first microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element. The second microelectronic element can have first and second opposed edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can extend between the first and second edges. The second microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can project beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element. The third microelectronic element can have first and second opposed edges, a front surface extending between the first and second edges, and a plurality of contacts disposed on the front surface thereof adjacent the first edge thereof. The front surface of the third microelectronic element can face the first surface of the substrate.

The microelectronic assembly can also include first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals, second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the terminals, third leads electrically connecting the contacts of the third microelectronic element to the terminals, and fourth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and third microelectronic elements. The contacts of the first and third microelectronic elements can be located on opposite sides of the aperture. The first, second, third, and fourth leads can have portions aligned with the aperture.

In one embodiment, the microelectronic assembly can also include fifth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and second microelectronic elements. In a particular embodiment, the microelectronic assembly can also include sixth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the second and third microelectronic elements. In a particular embodiment, the first microelectronic element can include a chip configured to predominantly perform a logic function. In an exemplary embodiment, the second microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function. In one embodiment, the first microelectronic element can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.

In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, a microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, and a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element. The substrate can have terminals. The first microelectronic element can also include a rear surface remote from the front surface and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces. The first microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element. The second microelectronic element can have first and second opposed edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can extend between the first and second edges. The second microelectronic element can have a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges. The front surface of the second microelectronic element can project beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element. The microelectronic assembly can also include first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals and second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the terminals. The first and second leads can have portions aligned with the aperture. At least some of the terminals can overlie at least one of the microelectronic elements.

In one embodiment, a microelectronic component can include first and second microelectronic assemblies as described above. The first microelectronic assembly can be electrically connected with and can at least partially overlie the second microelectronic assembly. The microelectronic assemblies can be electrically connected with one another through their terminals. In one embodiment, at least some of the terminals can be electrically connected with conductive elements exposed at the first surface of the substrate by wire bonds. In a particular embodiment, some of the microelectronic elements can include a volatile random access memory (RAM), and some of the microelectronic elements can include nonvolatile flash memory. In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first microelectronic elements can be configured predominantly to perform a logic function. At least one of the second microelectronic elements can have a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the present invention will be now described with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only some embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.

FIG. 1A is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1B is diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1C is partial sectional view of a stack microelectronic assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the microelectronic assembly shown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3A is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a partial sectional view further illustrating the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of the stacked microelectronic assembly shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a top view of the stacked microelectronic assembly shown in FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation view of a stacked microelectronic assembly in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic depiction of a system according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 shows a front elevation view of a microelectronic package according to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 13A-13E show a detail view of a portion of a microelectronic package according to various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 14 shows a detail view of a portion of a microelectronic package according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 15A-15D show a detail view of a portion of a microelectronic package according to various embodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 16 shows a microelectronic package according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to FIGS. 1A and 2, a stacked microelectronic assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first microelectronic element 12 in a face down position facing a substrate 30 and a second microelectronic element 14 in a face down position overlying at least a portion of the first microelectronic element 12. In some embodiments, the first and second microelectronic elements 12 and 14 may be a semiconductor chip, or an element including a semiconductor chip, which has contacts at the front surface 16 thereof. The semiconductor chip may be a thin slab of a semiconductor material, such as silicon or gallium arsenide, and may be provided as individual, prepackaged units. The semiconductor chip may be a thin slab of a semiconductor material, such as silicon or gallium arsenide, and it may be provided as individual, prepackaged units. The semiconductor chip may embody active circuit elements, e.g., transistors, diodes, among others, or passive circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, among others, or a combination of active and passive circuit elements. In an “active” semiconductor chip, the active circuit elements in each microelectronic element typically are electrically connected together in one or more “integrated circuits”. The first and second microelectronic elements are both electrically connected to a substrate 30, as discussed in detail below. In turn, the substrate 30 can be electrically connected to a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board, through terminals 36 at a surface thereof. In a particular embodiment, the microelectronic assembly 10 can be a microelectronic “package” having terminals that are configured for electrical connection with corresponding contacts on a face of a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board, among others.

In particular embodiments, the substrate can be a dielectric element of various types of construction, such as of polymeric material or inorganic material such as ceramic or glass, the substrate having conductive elements thereon such as terminals and conductive elements such as e.g., traces, substrate contacts, or other conductive elements electrically connected with the terminals. In another example, the substrate can consist essentially of a semiconductor material such as silicon, or alternatively include a layer of semiconductor material and one or more dielectric layers thereof. Such substrate may have a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 7 (seven) parts per million per degree Celsius (“ppm/° C.)”. In yet another embodiment, the substrate can be a lead frame having lead fingers, wherein the terminals can be portions of the lead fingers, such as end portions of the lead fingers. In yet another embodiment, the substrate can be a lead frame having leads, wherein the terminals can be portions of the leads, such as end portions of the leads.

The first microelectronic element 12 may include a semiconductor chip configured predominantly to perform a logic function, such as a microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) or other logic chip, among others. In a particular embodiment, the microelectronic element 12 can be a controller, or a system on a chip (“SOC”) predominantly providing logic function, but which may also include a memory storage array. In other examples, the first microelectronic element 12 can include or be a memory chip such as a flash (NOR or NAND) memory chip, dynamic random access memory (“DRAM”) chip or static random access memory (“SRAM”) chip, or be configured predominantly to perform some other function. Such memory chip includes a memory storage array and typically has a greater number of active circuit elements, e.g., active devices such as transistors that are configured to provide memory storage array function, than any other function of the chip. The first microelectronic element 12 has a front surface 16, a rear surface 18 remote therefrom, and first and second edges 27, 29, extending between the front and rear surfaces. Electrical contacts 20 are exposed at the front surface 16 of the first microelectronic element 12 adjacent the second edge 27. As used in this disclosure, a statement that an electrically conductive element is “exposed at” a surface of a structure indicates that the electrically conductive element is available for contact with a theoretical point moving in a direction perpendicular to the surface toward the surface from outside the structure. Thus, a contact, terminal or other conductive element which is exposed at a surface of a structure may project from such surface; may be flush with such surface; or may be recessed relative to such surface and exposed through a hole or depression in the structure. Electrical contacts 20 may be bond pads or other conductive structure such as bumps, posts, etc. The bond pads may include one or more metals such as copper, nickel, gold or aluminum, and may be about 0.5 μm thick. The size of the bond pads can vary with the device type but will typically measure tens to hundreds of microns on a side.

The second microelectronic element 14 has a front surface 22, a rear surface 24 remote therefrom, and first and second edges 35, 37, extending between the front and rear surfaces and contacts 26 exposed at the front surface 22. As seen in FIG. 1A, the first and second microelectronic elements 12 and 14 are stacked relative to each other such that at least a portion of the second microelectronic element 14 overlies at least a portion of the first microelectronic element 12. In a particular embodiment, such as shown in FIG. 1A, the front surface 22 of the second microelectronic element 14 includes first and second end regions 21 and 23 and a central region 19 extending between the first and second end regions 21 and 23. The first end region 21 extends between the central region 19 and first edge 35, and the second end region 23 extends between the central region 19 and the second edge 37. The central region may extend a third of the distance between the first and second edges 35, 37 of the second microelectronic element 14 and the first and second end regions may each extend a third of the distance between the edges 35, 37. Electrical contacts 26 are exposed at the front surface 22 of the second microelectronic element 14. For example, contacts 26 may be arranged in one or two parallel rows adjacent the center of first surface 22. The second microelectronic element 14 may include or be a DRAM chip. Such DRAM chip includes a memory storage array and typically has a greater number of active circuit elements, e.g., active devices such as transistors that are configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function. At least a portion of the central region 19 of the second microelectronic element 14 projects beyond the second edge 29 of the first microelectronic element 12 such that the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element 14 are exposed beyond the second edge 29 of the first microelectronic element 12. As discussed above, in one embodiment, the substrate 30 may include a dielectric layer having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces 34 and 32. One or more electrically conductive elements or terminals 36 are exposed at the second surface 32 of the substrate 30. In a particular embodiment, some or all of the terminals 36 may be movable with respect to the first and/or second microelectronic element 12 and 14.

The substrate 30 further includes one or more apertures extending between first and second opposed surfaces thereof such as, for example, between the oppositely facing first and second surfaces of a dielectric element 30. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1A, the substrate 30 includes an aperture 39 and at least some contacts 26 are aligned with the aperture 39 of the substrate 30. A plurality of leads electrically connects the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element with the terminals 36 of the microelectronic assembly. The leads have portions aligned with the aperture 39. For example, the leads can include wire bonds 50 bonded to the substrate contacts which in turn connect to terminals 36 through other portions of the leads such as metal traces extending along a semiconductor element or dielectric element 30, or if the substrate includes a lead frame, the leads may include portions of the lead fingers thereof.

The first surface 34 of the dielectric element 30 may be juxtaposed with the front surface 16 of the first microelectronic element 12. As seen in FIG. 1A, the substrate 30 may extend beyond the first edge 27 of the first microelectronic element 12 and the second edge 35 of the second microelectronic element 14. In an example, a substrate which includes a dielectric material may be referred to as a “dielectric element” 30, whether made partly or entirely of any suitable dielectric material. The substrate 30 may be partly or entirely made of any suitable dielectric material. For example, the substrate 30 may comprise a layer of flexible material, such as a layer of polyimide, BT resin or other dielectric material of the commonly used for making tape automated bonding (“TAB”) tapes. Alternatively, the substrate 30 may comprise a relatively rigid, board like material such as a thick layer of fiber-reinforced epoxy, such as, Fr-4 or Fr-5 board. Regardless of the material employed, the substrate 30 may composed of a single layer or multiple layers.

Returning to FIG. 1A, a spacing or support element 31 may be positioned between the first end region 21 of the second microelectronic element 14 and a portion of the dielectric element 30. The spacing element 31 may help support the second microelectronic element above the substrate 30. Such a spacing element 31 can be made, for example, from a dielectric material such as silicon dioxide or other material, a semiconductor material such as silicon, or one or more layers of adhesive or other polymeric material. In a particular embodiment, the spacing element can include or be made of metal. If the spacing element includes adhesives, the adhesives can connect the second microelectronic element 14 to the substrate 30. In one embodiment, the spacing element 31 can have substantially the same thickness in a vertical direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first surface 34 of the substrate as the thickness of the first microelectronic element 12 between the front and rear surfaces 16, 18 thereof. If spacing element 31 includes an adhesive, the adhesive can connect the second microelectronic element 14 to the dielectric element 30.

As seen in FIGS. 1A and 2, the substrate 30 may also include electrically conductive elements or substrate contacts 40 and electrically conductive traces 25 exposed on the second surface 32. The electrically conductive traces 25 electrically couple the substrate contacts 40 to the terminals 36. The traces 25 and substrate contacts 40 may be created using the methods illustrated in commonly assigned U.S. Application Publication No. 2005/0181544, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Returning to FIG. 1A, a spacing or support element 31, such as an adhesive layer, may be positioned between the first end region 21 of the second microelectronic element 14 and a portion of the substrate 30. If spacing element 31 includes an adhesive, the adhesive can connect the second microelectronic element 14 to the substrate 30. As shown in FIG. 1A, the second end region 23 of the second microelectronic element 14 can be bonded to the second end region 17 of the first microelectronic element 12 with a bond material 60 such as an adhesive, which may be thermally conductive. Likewise, a bond material 61, for example, an adhesive, optionally thermally conductive, may bond the first end region of the second microelectronic element with the spacing element 31. A bond material 71 may be disposed between a significant portion of the front surface 16 of the first microelectronic element and a portion of the first surface 34 of the substrate 30. In a particular embodiment, the bond materials 60, 61, and/or 71 may be partly or entirely made of a die-attach adhesive and, in a particular example, may be comprised of a low elastic modulus material such as silicone elastomer. However, in a particular embodiment the bond materials 60, 61 and/or 71 may be entirely or partly made of a high elastic modulus adhesive or solder if the two microelectronic elements 12 and 14 are conventional semiconductor chips formed of the same material, because the microelectronic elements will tend to expand and contract in unison in response to temperature changes. Irrespective of the materials employed, the spacing element 31 may include a single layer or multiple layers. As discussed in detail below with regard to FIGS. 4-8, the spacing element 31 may be substituted for one or more microelectronic elements.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 2, the microelectronic assembly may include leads 70 which electrically connect contacts 20 of the first microelectronic element with at least some terminals 36. The leads 70 have portions aligned with the aperture 39 of the substrate 30. In one embodiment, the leads can include bond elements 70 such as wire bonds which extend through the aperture 39 and are bonded to contacts 20, 40 of the microelectronic element and the substrate. Traces (not shown) may extend along the substrate between contacts 40 and terminals 36. In one variation, the bond wires 70 may include wire bonds 72 extending through the aperture 39 and electrically connected to substrate contacts 40. Each of the wire bonds 72 electrically couples a contact 20 to a corresponding substrate contact 40 of the substrate 30. The wire bonds 70 may include a multiple wire bond structure as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/907,522 filed Oct. 19, 2010 and entitled “Enhanced Stacked Microelectronic Assemblies with Central Contacts and Improved Thermal Characteristics,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As discussed above and as shown in FIG. 2, traces 25 electrically connect the substrate contacts 40 to the terminals 36. Thus, the leads 50 may include the wire bonds 52, at least some substrate contacts 40, and at least some traces 25. All of these elements contribute to establishing an electrical connection between the contacts 20 of the first microelectronic element 12 and the terminals 36.

As seen in FIG. 1B, alternatively or additionally, leads such as lead bonds 76 may extend along the first surface 34 of the substrate 30 as shown or along the second surface and into the aperture 39 to connect to contacts 20. The lead bonds 76 may be electrically connected to vias 83 or any other type of electrically conductive element extending from the first surface 34 to one or more terminals 36 at the second surface 32 of the substrate 30. Therefore, the leads 70 may include lead bonds 76 and vias 83. As further shown in FIG. 1B, the microelectronic assembly 10 may include lead bonds 85 electrically interconnecting the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element 14 with substrate contacts 40 of the second surface 32 of the substrate.

The microelectronic assembly 10 further includes leads 50 electrically connecting contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element 12 to at least some terminals 36 at the second surface 32 of the substrate 30. The leads 50 have portions aligned with the aperture 39 and may include multiple wire bonds 52 electrically connecting the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic elements to substrate contacts 40, at the second surface 32 of the substrate 30. The wire bonds 52 may extend through the aperture 39. Each of the wire bonds 52 electrically couples a contact 26 to a corresponding substrate contact 40 of the substrate 30. Leads 50 may include a multiple wire bond structure as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/907,522 filed Oct. 19, 2010 and entitled “Enhanced Stacked Microelectronic Assemblies with Central Contacts and Improved Thermal Characteristics,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As shown in FIG. 2, traces 25 electrically connect the substrate contacts 40 to the terminals 36. Thus, the leads 50 may include the wire bonds 52, at least some substrate contacts 40, and at least some traces 25. All of these elements contribute to establishing an electrical connection between the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element 14 and the terminals 36. Alternatively or additionally, leads 50 may include lead bonds electrically coupling contacts 26 with some electrically substrate contacts at the first surface 34 of the substrate 30 or at the second surface 32 of the substrate. The lead bonds do not necessarily extend through aperture 39 of the substrate 30 but are at least partially aligned with the aperture.

The microelectronic assembly 10 may further include an overmold or encapsulant 11 covering at least the first microelectronic element 12 and the second microelectronic element 14. As seen in FIG. 1A, the overmold 11 may also cover portions of the substrate 30 extending beyond the first edge 27 of the first microelectronic element 12 and the first edge 35 of the second microelectronic element 14. Consequently, the overmold 11 may contact at least the first edge 27 of the first microelectronic element 12, the first edge 35 of the second microelectronic element 14, and the first surface 34 of the substrate 30. The overmold 11 may be made from any suitable material, including epoxy and the like.

The microelectronic assembly 10 may additionally include a heat spreader or heat sink attached to the rear surfaces of one or more of the first or second microelectronic elements 12 and 14, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/907,522 filed Oct. 19, 2010 and entitled “Enhanced Stacked Microelectronic Assemblies with Central Contacts and Improved Thermal Characteristics,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the microelectronic assembly 10 includes a heat spreader thermally coupled to the first and/or second microelectronic elements 12 and 14 at one or more of the rear faces 18, 24 thereof and possibly at edge surfaces 27, 35, 37. The heat spreader can occupy some portion of the areas occupied by the overmold 11 shown in FIG. 1A.

In addition, the microelectronic assembly 10 may further include joining units 81 attached to terminals 36 on the second surface 32 of the dielectric element 30. The joining units 81 may be solder balls or other masses of bond and metal, e.g., tin, indium, or a combination thereof, and are adapted to join and electrically couple the microelectronic assembly 10 to a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board.

As seen in FIG. 1C, the leads 50 of the microelectronic assembly 10 may additionally or alternatively include wire bonds 53 electrically connecting at least some contacts 20 of the first microelectronic element 12 with at least some substrate contacts 40 located on the opposite side of the aperture 39. Thus, the wire bonds 53 may span across the aperture of the substrate 30. In addition, the leads 70 may alternatively or additionally include wire bonds 73 electrically connecting at least some of the contacts 20 of the first microelectronic element 12 with at least some of the contacts 26 of the second microelectronic element 14.

FIG. 3A depicts a variation 10′ of the microelectronic assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1A. In this variation, in lieu (or in addition to) contacts 20 at the surface 16′, the first microelectronic element 12′ may include contacts 20′ at the surface 18 facing away from the substrate 30′. Such surface 18′ can be the front face of the first microelectronic element 12′. Surface 18′ may have a first end portion 82 adjacent the first edge 27′ of the first microelectronic element 12′, a second end portion 84 adjacent the second edge 29′, and a central portion 86 between the first and second end portions 82 and 84. The contacts 20′ may be disposed within the first end portion 82 of the surface 18′ adjacent the first edge 27′, within the central portion 86 of the surface 18′, or within both the first end portion and central portion. In one embodiment, the contacts 20′ may be arranged in one or two parallel rows at the central portion 86 of the surface 18′.

The microelectronic assembly 10′ can include leads 88 electrically connected with the contacts 20′ at the surface 18′ and with the terminals 36. In one example, portions of the leads 88 such as wire bonds can extend beyond the first edge 27 of the first microelectronic element 12′ to contacts 40′ which in turn can be connected to terminals, such as through traces (not shown) or other conductive elements. The leads 88 may include wire bonds 90 extending from the contacts 20′, beyond the first edge 27′ of the first microelectronic element, and to contacts 40′ at the first surface 34′ of the substrate 30′, and may include other conductive structure of the substrate such as conductive traces between the contacts and the terminals 36. As shown in FIG. 3B, lead portions 52′, e.g., wire bonds can connect contacts 26 of microelectronic element 14′ to contacts 40′ on either or both sides of the aperture 39′.

FIGS. 4 and 5 depict a variation of the microelectronic assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1A. The microelectronic assembly 100 shown in FIG. 1A is similar to the microelectronic assembly 10 shown in FIG. 3A in having a first microelectronic element 101 in a face-up position. In this variation, a third microelectronic element 112 in a flip-chip position is substituted for the spacing element 31. However, in the particular view shown, the first microelectronic element 101 appears at the right and the third microelectronic element 112 to the left of the figure. The third microelectronic element 112 includes a plurality of contacts 120 at a front surface 116 thereof. Contacts 120 of the third microelectronic element 112 are connected with at least some terminals 136 at the second surface 132 of the substrate 130.

The flip-chip interconnection 143 electrically connects electrical contacts 120 on the front surface 116 of the first microelectronic element 112 to at least some contacts 141 on the first surface 134 of the substrate 30 through bumps of metal, e.g., a bond metal such as solder. The microelectronic element is then inverted so the metal bumps provide both the electrical pathway between the contacts (e.g., bond pads) of the microelectronic element and the substrate as well as the mechanical attachment of the microelectronic element to the substrate. There are many variations of the flip-chip process, but one common configuration is to use solder for the bumps of metal and fusion of the solder as the method of fastening it to the bond pads and the substrate. When it melts, the solder may flow to form truncated spheres.

The flip-chip interconnection provides the first microelectronic element 112 with a greater number of (input/output) I/Os in comparison with other microelectronic elements connected to the dielectric element via wire bonds. In addition, the flip-chip interconnection minimizes the wire bond pathway between the second microelectronic element 114 and the substrate 30, thereby reducing the impedance of the wire bonds.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5, the flip-chip interconnection 143 may include a plurality of solid metal bumps 145, such as solder balls, disposed between the first microelectronic element 112 and the substrate 130. The metal bumps 145 may be electrically conductive spheres or posts. Each solid metal bump 145 may be disposed between (and in contact with) a contact 120 of the first microelectronic element 112 and a substrate contact 141 of the substrate 130, thereby providing electrical connection between the electrical contact 120 and the electrically conductive element 141. The metal bumps 145 may essentially consist of joining metal or any other suitable material.

An underfill 147 may surround the solid metal bumps 145 to adhere the first microelectronic element 112 to the substrate 130. The underfill 147 may be specifically disposed between the front surface 116 of the first microelectronic element 112 and the first surface 134 of the substrate 130 to couple the first microelectronic element 112 to the substrate 130. For example, the underfill 147 may be wholly or partly made of a polymeric material, such as epoxy resin. In some embodiments, however, the underfill 147 is entirely omitted.

FIG. 6 illustrates a variation of the microelectronic assembly 100 shown in FIG. 4. The microelectronic assembly 200 is similar to the microelectronic assembly 100 but it does not include a flip-chip interconnection electrically connecting the first microelectronic element to substrate contacts. Instead, the first microelectronic element 212 is in face-up position and includes one or more parallel rows of contacts 220 adjacent its first edge 227. Leads 270 electrically connect the contacts 220 to terminals 236 on the second surface 236 of the substrate 230.

The leads 270 may include wire bonds 272 extending from the contacts 220, beyond the first edge 227 of the first microelectronic element 212, and to substrate contacts 240 at the second surface 234 of the substrate 230. In addition, the leads 270 may include vias 283 or any other suitable electrically conductive element electrically connecting the substrate contacts 240 with at least some terminals 236. The vias 283 can extend through the substrate 230 from the first surface 234 to the second surface 232 of the substrate 230.

The microelectronic assembly 200 further includes leads 250 electrically connecting the contacts 226 at the front surface 222 of the second microelectronic element 214 to at least some terminals 236. Portions of the leads 250 are aligned with the aperture 239 of the substrate 230. In this variation, the leads 270 include multiple wire bonds 252 extending from the contacts 226 and through the aperture 239. The wire bonds 252 can be electrically connected to substrate contacts 240 located at the second surface 232 of the substrate 230 and on opposite sides of the aperture 239.

FIG. 7 depicts a variation of the microelectronic assembly 200 shown in FIG. 6. The microelectronic assembly 300 shown in FIG. 7 is substantially similar to the microelectronic assembly 200 shown in FIG. 1A or 1B, with a third microelectronic element 301 substituted in place of spacing element 31, the third microelectronic element having an electrical interconnection with the substrate which is similar to that of the first microelectronic element 12 (FIG. 1A).

FIG. 8 depicts a variation of the microelectronic assembly 300 shown in FIG. 7. In this variation, the microelectronic assembly 400 is shown mounted on an external component such as a circuit panel 900, such as a printed circuit board, and includes additional electrical connection or leads. Although only FIG. 8 illustrates a microelectronic assembly electrically mounted on a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board, any of the microelectronic assemblies described herein above may be mounted to a circuit panel or other component external to the microelectronic assembly.

The microelectronic assembly 400 may include electrical connection or leads 474 extending across the aperture 439 and electrically connecting a contact 320 of the first microelectronic element 412 with a contact 490 of the third microelectronic element 401. The leads 474 may include wire bonds and/or lead bonds. Another set of electrical connections or leads 476 can be at least partially aligned with the aperture 439 of the substrate 430 and electrically connect at least some contacts 420 of the first microelectronic element 412 with at least some contacts 426 of the second microelectronic element 414. The leads 476 may include wire bonds and/or lead bonds. Yet another set of electrical connections or leads 478 are at least partially aligned with the aperture 430 of the substrate 430 and electrically connect at least some contacts 426 of the second microelectronic element 414 with at least some contacts 490 of the third microelectronic element 401. The leads 478 may include wire bonds and/or lead bonds.

FIG. 9A shows a stacked variation of the diagrammatic side sectional view shown in FIG. 1A. A microelectronic component 500 can have stacked first and second microelectronic assemblies 510 a and 510 b (collectively microelectronic assemblies 510). The microelectronic assemblies 510 can each be any of the microelectronic assemblies described above with reference to FIGS. 1A through 8, and the microelectronic assemblies can be the same or different from one another. There can be any number of microelectronic assemblies 510 in the stack, including, for example, two microelectronic assemblies 510 a and 510 b as shown in FIG. 9A.

Joining units 581 such as solder balls can join and electrically couple the first and second microelectronic assemblies 510 a and 510 b to one another. Such joining units 581 can be attached to terminals 536 exposed at the second surface 532 of the substrate 530 of the first microelectronic assembly 510 a and terminals 536′ exposed at the first surface 534 of the substrate 530 of the second microelectronic assembly 510 b. The microelectronic component 500 including the stacked microelectronic assemblies 510 can be attached to a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board, using the joining units 581 exposed at a top surface 501 or a bottom surface 502 of the microelectronic component 500.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the microelectronic component 500 can include joining units 581 arranged adjacent a periphery 503 of the microelectronic component. The joining units 581 can be located outside of a depopulated central region 590 of the microelectronic component 500. In such an embodiment, the joining units 581 can be arranged so that they do not overlie the first and second microelectronic elements 512 and 514 of the microelectronic assemblies 510. Such an embodiment can allow the plurality of microelectronic assemblies 510 to have a smaller stacked height when joined together than if the microelectronic component 500 included joining units 581 within the central region 590.

As shown in FIG. 9A, the microelectronic component 500 can have a single encapsulant 511 at least partially covering the first and second microelectronic elements 512 and 514 of the microelectronic assemblies 510. In such an embodiment, the microelectronic assemblies 510 can be joined to one another without an encapsulation, and then the single encapsulant 511 can be formed that covers the microelectronic elements within the joined microelectronic component. The encapsulation 511 can cover portions of the microelectronic component 500 that are not configured for electrical connection with one or more components external to the microelectronic component.

In an alternative embodiment, each of the microelectronic assemblies 510 can be separately formed, each having a respective encapsulant, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. In such an embodiment having a separately formed encapsulant for each microelectronic assembly 510, such encapsulated microelectronic assemblies can then be stacked and joined to one another, for example, in a configuration such as that shown in FIG. 10, to provide electrical communication between them.

In a particular example, the microelectronic component 500 can be configured to function as nonhomogenous memory, for example, for a smartphone application. In such an example, some of the microelectronic elements 512 and 514 within the microelectronic assemblies 510 can include a memory storage element such as volatile RAM, and some of the microelectronic elements 512 and 514 can include memory storage elements such as nonvolatile flash memory.

FIG. 10 shows a stacked variation of the diagrammatic side sectional view shown in FIG. 9A. A microelectronic component 600 can have stacked first and second microelectronic assemblies 610 a and 610 b (collectively microelectronic assemblies 610). The microelectronic assemblies 610 can each be any of the microelectronic assemblies described above with reference to FIGS. 1A through 8, and the microelectronic assemblies can be the same or different from one another. There can be any number of microelectronic assemblies 610 in the stack, including, for example, two microelectronic assemblies 610 a and 610 b as shown in FIG. 9A.

The microelectronic component 600 is the same as the microelectronic component 500 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, except that at least some of the joining units 681 overlie the microelectronic elements 612 and 614, and each of the microelectronic assemblies 610 a and 610 b can be separately formed, each having a respective encapsulant 611 a and 610 b. In an alternative embodiment, the microelectronic component 600 can have a single encapsulant at least partially covering the first and second microelectronic elements 612 and 614 of the microelectronic assemblies 610, similar to the single encapsulant 511 shown in FIG. 9A.

As shown in FIG. 10, the joining units 681 can join and electrically couple the microelectronic assemblies 610 to one another. Such joining units 681 can be attached to terminals 636 exposed at the second surface 632 of the substrate 630 of the first microelectronic assembly 610 a and terminals 682 exposed at a top surface 603 of the encapsulant 611 b of the second microelectronic assembly 610 b. The terminals 682 can be electrically connected with conductive elements 636′ exposed at the first surface 634 of the substrate 630 by wire bonds 604. Some of the terminals 682 exposed at the top surface 603 of the encapsulant 611 a or 611 b can overlie at least one of the microelectronic elements 612 and 614. In such microelectronic components 600 having microelectronic assemblies 610 with terminals 682 overlying at least one of the microelectronic elements 612 and 614, the terminals 682 and 636 of each microelectronic assembly 610 can be arranged in an area array, which can allow for area array stacking of the microelectronic assemblies 610.

The terminals 682 that are exposed at the top surface 603 of the encapsulant 611 a or 611 b can extend above the top surface, can be flush with the top surface, or can be recessed below the top surface. Such terminals 682 can have any shape, including for example, a pad-like or ball-like shape. Other examples of shapes and configurations of the terminals 682 and the wire bonds 604 are shown and described in the co-pending and co-owned Korean patent application No. 10-2011-0041843, filed on May 3, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

The wire bonds 604 are joined at a base 607 thereof to the conductive elements 636′ and can extend to a free end 608 remote from the respective bases 607 and from the substrate 630. The free ends 608 of the wire bonds 604 are characterized as being free in that they are not electrically connected or otherwise joined to the microelectronic elements 612, 614, or any other conductive features within the microelectronic assembly 610 a that are, in turn, connected to the microelectronic elements 612, 614. In other words, the free ends 608 are available for electronic connection, either directly or indirectly as through a solder ball or other features discussed herein, to a conductive feature external to the microelectronic assembly 610 a. The fact that the free ends 608 can be held in a predetermined position by, for example, the encapsulant 611 a or otherwise joined or electrically connected to another conductive feature does not mean that they are not “free” as described herein, so long as any such feature is not electrically connected to the microelectronic elements 612, 614. Conversely, the base 607 is not free as it is either directly or indirectly electrically connected to the microelectronic elements 612, 614, as described herein.

The wire bonds 604 can be made from a conductive material such as copper, gold, nickel, solder, aluminum or the like. Additionally, the wire bonds 604 can be made from combinations of materials, such as from a core of a conductive material, such as copper or aluminum, for example, with a coating applied over the core. The coating can be of a second conductive material, such as aluminum, nickel or the like. Alternatively, the coating can be of an insulating material, such as an insulating jacket. In an embodiment, the wire used to form the wire bonds 604 can have a thickness, i.e., in a dimension transverse to the wire's length, of between about 15 μm and 150 μm.

The free end 608 of the wire bond 604 has an end surface 638. The end surface 638 can form at least a part of a contact in an array formed by respective end surfaces 638 of a plurality of wire bonds 604. A portion of the wire bonds 604 can remain uncovered by the encapsulant 611 a, which can also be referred to as unencapsulated, thereby making the wire bond available for electrical connection to a feature or element located outside of the encapsulant. In an embodiment, the end surfaces 638 of the wire bonds 604 remain uncovered by the encapsulant 611 a and may be exposed at the top surface 603 of the encapsulant. Other embodiments are possible in which a portion of edge surface 605 of the wire bonds 604 is uncovered by the encapsulant 611 a in addition to or as an alternative to having end surface 638 remain uncovered by the encapsulant. In other words, the encapsulant 611 a can cover all of the microelectronic assembly 610 a from first surface 634 and above, with the exception of a portion of wire bonds 604, such as end surfaces 638, edge surfaces 605, or combinations of the two.

In one embodiment, the end surface 638 and a portion of edge surface 605 can be uncovered by the encapsulant 611 a. Such a configuration can provide a connection, such as by a solder ball or the like, to another conductive element by allowing the solder to wick along the edge surface 605 and join thereto in addition to joining to the end surface 638. In the embodiments shown in the Figures, a surface, such as the top surface 603 of the encapsulant 611 a can be spaced apart from the first surface 634 of the substrate 630 at a distance great enough to cover the microelectronic elements 612, 614. Accordingly, embodiments of the microelectronic assembly 610 a in which the ends 638 of the wire bonds 604 are flush with the top surface 603 can include wire bonds 604 that extend to greater heights above the substrate 630 than the microelectronic elements 612, 614.

FIG. 16 shows a microelectronic assembly 910 with a redistribution layer 954 extending along surface 944 of encapsulation layer 942. As shown in FIG. 16, traces 958 are electrically connected to inner contact pads 961 which are electrically connected to end surfaces 938 of wire bonds 932 and extend through the substrate 956 of redistribution layer 954 to contact pads 960 exposed on surface 962 of substrate 956. An additional microelectronic assembly can then be connected to contact pads 960 by solder masses or the like. A similar structure to redistribution layer 954 can extend along second surface 916 of substrate 912 in what is known as a fan-out layer. A fan out layer can allow microelectronic assembly 910 to connect to an array of a different configuration than the conductive element 940 array would otherwise permit.

The microelectronic component 600 including the stacked microelectronic assemblies 610 can be attached to a circuit panel, such as a printed circuit board, using the joining units 681 exposed at a top surface 601 or a bottom surface 602 of the microelectronic component 600.

In a particular example, the microelectronic component 600 can be configured to function as nonhomogenous memory, for example, for a smartphone application. In such an example, some of the microelectronic elements 612 and 614 within the microelectronic assemblies 610 can include a memory storage element such as volatile RAM, and some of the microelectronic elements 612 and 614 can include memory storage elements such as nonvolatile flash memory.

Although the embodiments shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 10 show microelectronic elements electrically connected to contacts of the substrate through wire bonds, in other embodiments, such microelectronic elements can be electrically connected to contacts of the substrate through other connection configurations, including for example, lead bonds and flip-chip mounting of one or more microelectronic elements to contacts of the substrate.

The microelectronic assemblies described above can be utilized in construction of diverse electronic systems, as shown in FIG. 11. For example, a system 1100 in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention includes a microelectronic assembly 1106 as described above in conjunction with other electronic components 1108 and 1110. In the example depicted, component 1108 is a semiconductor chip whereas component 1110 is a display screen, but any other components can be used. Of course, although only two additional components are depicted in FIG. 11 for clarity of illustration, the system may include any number of such components. The microelectronic assembly 1106 may be any of the assemblies described above. In a further variant, any number of such microelectronic assemblies may be used.

Microelectronic assembly 1106 and components 1108 and 1110 are mounted in a common housing 1101, schematically depicted in broken lines, and are electrically interconnected with one another as necessary to form the desired circuit. In the exemplary system shown, the system includes a circuit panel 1102 such as a flexible printed circuit board, and the circuit panel includes numerous conductors 1104, of which only one is depicted in FIG. 11, interconnecting the components with one another. However, this is merely exemplary; any suitable structure for making electrical connections can be used. The housing 1101 is depicted as a portable housing of the type usable, for example, in a cellular telephone or personal digital assistant, and screen 1110 is exposed at the surface of the housing. Where structure 1106 includes a light sensitive element such as an imaging chip, a lens 1111 or other optical device also may be provided for routing light to the structure. Again, the simplified system shown in FIG. 11 is merely exemplary; other systems, including systems commonly regarded as fixed structures, such as desktop computers, routers and the like can be made using the structures discussed above.

FIG. 12 shows a further alternative embodiment of a microelectronic package 810 having closed-loop wire bonds 832. The wire bonds 832 of this embodiment include two bases 834 a and 834 b that can be joined to adjacent conductive elements 828 a and 828 b. In such an embodiment, wire bonds 832 define an edge surface 837 that extends between the two bases 834 a,834 b in a loop such that the edge surface 837 extends upward in respective portions 837 a and 837 b from the bases to an apex 839 at a surface 844 of the encapsulation layer 842 above the substrate 812. Encapsulation layer 842 extends along at least some of edge surface portions 837 a,837 b, separating the respective portions from one another, as well as from other wire bonds 832 in package 810. At apex 839, at least a portion of the edge surface 837 is uncovered by the encapsulation layer 842, such that the wire bond 832 is available for electrical interconnection with another component, which can be another microelectronic component or other component, e.g., a discrete element such as a capacitor or inductor. As shown in FIG. 12, wire bonds 832 are formed such that apex 839 is offset from conductive element 828 in at least one lateral direction across the surface of the substrate 812. In one example, apex 839 can overlie a major surface of microelectronic element 820 or otherwise overlie a first region of the substrate 812 with which the microelectronic element 820 is aligned. Other configurations for wire bonds 832 are possible, including configurations in which apex 839 is positioned in any of the locations of the end surfaces of the wire bonds discussed in the other embodiments. By providing a connection feature in the form of the uncovered edge surface 837 surrounding apex 839 that is supported a wire bond 832 extending between two bases 834 a,834 b, rather than one, more accurate placement of the connection feature in the directions defined by major surface 844 can be achieved.

FIGS. 13A-13E show various configurations that can be implemented in the structure of or near the ends 736 of wire bonds 732 in a structure similar to FIG. 10. FIG. 13A shows a structure in which a cavity 64 is formed in a portion of encapsulation layer 742 such that an end 736 of wire bond 732 projects above a minor surface 743 of the encapsulation layer at cavity 764. In the embodiment shown, end surface 738 is positioned below major surface 744 of encapsulation layer 742, and cavity 764 is structured to expose end surface 738 at surface 744 to allow an electronic structure to connect thereto. Other embodiments are possible wherein end surface 738 is substantially even with surface 744 or is spaced above surface 744. Further, cavity 764 can be configured such that a portion of edge surface 737 of wire bond 732 near the end 736 thereof can be uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 within cavity 764. This can allow for a connection to wire bond 732 from outside of assembly 710, such as a solder connection, to be made from both end surface 738 and the uncovered portion of edge surface 737 near end 736. Such a connection is shown in FIG. 13B and can provide a more robust connection to a second substrate 794 using a solder mass 752. In an embodiment cavity 764 can have a depth beneath surface 744 of between about 10 μm and 50 μm and can have a width of between about 100 μm and 300 μm. FIG. 13B shows a cavity having a similar structure to that of FIG. 13A, but with tapered side walls 765. Further, FIG. 13B shows a second microelectronic assembly 794 electrically and mechanically connected to wire bond 732 by a solder mass 752 at a contact pad 798 exposed at a surface of a substrate 796 thereof.

Cavity 764 can be formed by removing a portion of encapsulation layer 742 in the desired area of cavity 764. This can be done by known processes including, laser etching, wet etching, lapping or the like. Alternatively, in an embodiment where encapsulation layer 742 is formed by injection molding, cavity 764 can be formed by including a corresponding feature in the mold. Such a process is discussed in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2010/0232129, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The tapered shape of cavity 764 shown in FIG. 13B can be the result of a particular etching process used in its formation.

FIGS. 13C and 13E show end structures that include a substantially rounded end portion 770 on wire bond 732. Rounded end portion 770 is configured to have a cross-section that is wider than the cross-section of the portion of wire bond 732 between base 734 and end 736. Further rounded end portion 770 includes an edge surface 771 that extends outward from the edge surface 737 of wire bond 732 at the transition therebetween. The incorporation of a rounded edge portion 770 can act to secure wire bond 732 within encapsulation layer 742 by providing an anchoring feature wherein the change in direction of the surface 771 gives encapsulation layer 742 a location to surround end 770 on three sides. This can help prevent wire bond 732 from becoming detached from conductive elements 728 on substrate 712, resulting in a failed electrical connection. Additionally, the rounded end portion 770 can provide increased surface area that is uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 within surface 744 to which an electronic connection can be made. As shown in FIG. 13E, rounded end portion 770 can extend above surface 744. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 13C, rounded end portion 770 can further, be ground or otherwise flattened to provide a surface that is substantially flush with surface 744 and can have an area greater than the cross-section of wire bond 732.

A rounded end portion 770 can be formed by applying localized heat in the form of a flame or a spark at the end of the wire used to make wire bond 732. Known wire bonding machines can be modified to carry out this step, which can be done immediately after cutting the wire. In this process, the heat melts the wire at the end thereof. This localized portion of liquid metal is made round by the surface tension thereof and is retained when the metal cools.

FIG. 13D shows a configuration for microelectronic assembly 710 where end 736 of wire bond 732 includes a surface 738 that is spaced above major surface 744 of encapsulation layer 742. Such a configuration can present benefits similar to that discussed with respect to cavity 764, above, specifically, by providing a more robust connection with a solder mass 768 that wicks along the portion of edge surface 737 that is uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 above surface 744. In an embodiment, end surface 738 can be spaced above surface 742 at a distance of between about 10 μm and 50 μm. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 13D and any of the other embodiments in which a portion of edge surface 737 is uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 above a surface of encapsulation layer 742, the end can include a protective layer formed thereon. Such a layer can include an oxidation protection layer, including those made from gold, an oxide coating or an OSP.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of microelectronic assembly 710 with a stud bump 772 formed on end surface 738 of wire bond 732. Stud bump 772 can be formed after making microelectronic assembly 710 by applying another, modified wire bond on top of end surface 744 and optionally extending along a portion of surface 744. The modified wire bond is cut or otherwise severed near the base thereof without drawing out a length of wire. Stud bumps 772 containing certain metals may be applied directly to ends 738 without first applying a bonding layer such as a UBM, thus providing way of forming conductive interconnects to bond pads which are not directly wettable by solder. This can be useful when wire bond 732 is made from a non-wettable metal. In general, stud bumps consisting essentially of one or more of copper, nickel, silver, platinum and gold can be applied this way. FIG. 14 shows a solder mass 768 formed over stud bump 772 for electronic or mechanical connection to an additional microelectronic assembly.

FIGS. 15A-15D show configurations for ends 736 of wire bonds 732 that include a bent or curved shape. In each embodiment, end 736 of wire bond 732 is bent such that a portion 774 thereof extends substantially parallel to surface 744 of encapsulation layer 742 such that at least a portion of edge surface 776 is not covered by, for example, major surface 744. This portion of edge surface 737 can extend upwards outside of surface 744 or can be ground or otherwise flattened so as to extend substantially flush with surface 744. The embodiment of FIG. 15A includes an abrupt bend in wire bond 732 at the portion 774 of end 736 that is parallel to surface 744 and terminates in an end surface 738 that is substantially perpendicular to surface 744. FIG. 15B shows an end 736 having a more gradual curve near the portion 774 of end 736 that is parallel to surface 744 than that which is shown in FIG. 15A. Other configurations are possible, including those in which a portion of a wire bond according to those shown in FIG. 10 includes an end with a portion thereof substantially parallel to surface 744 and having a portion of the edge surface thereof uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 at a location within surface 744. Additionally, the embodiment of FIG. 15B includes a hooked portion 775 on the end thereof, which positions end surface 738 below surface 744 within encapsulation layer 742. This can provide a more robust structure for end 736 that is less likely to become dislodged from within encapsulation layer 742. FIGS. 15C and 15D show structures that are, respectively, similar to those shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, but are uncovered by encapsulation layer 742 at a location along surface 744 by cavities 764 formed in encapsulation layer 742. These cavities can be similar in structure to those discussed above with respect to FIGS. 15A and 15B. The inclusion of ends 736 including a portion 774 thereof that extends parallel to surface 744 can provide increased surface area for connection therewith by virtue of the elongated uncovered edge surface 775. The length of such a portion 774 can be greater than the width of cross-section of the wire used to form wire bond 732.

Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

It will be appreciated that the various dependent claims and the features set forth therein can be combined in different ways than presented in the initial claims. It will also be appreciated that the features described in connection with individual embodiments may be shared with others of the described embodiments. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A microelectronic assembly, comprising: a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, the substrate having contacts exposed at the first surface thereof and first terminals exposed at the second surface thereof; a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a rear surface remote therefrom, and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces, the first microelectronic element having a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element; a second microelectronic element having first and second opposed edges, a front surface extending between the first and second edges, and a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges, the front surface of the second microelectronic element facing the first microelectronic element and projecting beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element; an encapsulant at least partially covering the first and second microelectronic elements; first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the first terminals; second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the first terminals, the first and second leads having portions aligned with the aperture; second terminals exposed at a surface of the microelectronic assembly opposite from the second surface of the substrate, wherein at least some of the second terminals overlie at least one of the microelectronic elements, the surface of the microelectronic assembly at which the second terminals are exposed being a surface of the encapsulant; and wire bonds extending in an upward direction away from the contacts of the substrate and above and away from the first surface of the substrate directly to the at least some of the second terminals that overlie the at least one of the microelectronic elements, the encapsulant covering at least portions of the wire bonds, wherein the wire bonds have bases attached to the contacts of the substrate and unencapsulated end surfaces remote from the contacts of the substrate and remote from the microelectronic elements, the unencapsulated end surfaces being uncovered by the encapsulant, and for each of said wire bonds, the unencapsulated end surface is exposed as one of the second terminals or at least a portion of the unencapsulated end surface is directly connected to a bottom surface of one of the second terminals and not directly connected to either of the first or second microelectronic elements.
 2. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising third leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element with the contacts of the second microelectronic element, the first, second, and third leads having portions aligned with the aperture.
 3. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second leads include wire bonds extending from the contacts of at least one of the first or second microelectronic elements.
 4. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the portions of at least one of the first leads and the second leads aligned with the aperture are portions of monolithic conductive elements having second portions extending along the substrate to the terminals.
 5. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a spacing element between the front surface of the second microelectronic element and the first surface of the substrate.
 6. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first microelectronic element includes a chip configured to predominantly perform a logic function.
 7. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second microelectronic element has a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.
 8. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first microelectronic element has a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.
 9. A system comprising a microelectronic assembly according to claim 1 and one or more other electronic components electrically connected to the microelectronic assembly.
 10. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least some of the first terminals are electrically connected to a circuit panel.
 11. The system as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a housing, the microelectronic assembly and the other electronic components being mounted to the housing.
 12. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising third leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the terminals, the first leads and third leads being connected to terminals on opposite sides of the aperture, the first, second, and third leads having portions aligned with the aperture.
 13. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a third microelectronic element disposed between first surface of the substrate and the front surface of the second microelectronic element, the third microelectronic element having first and second opposed edges, a front surface extending between the first and second edges, and a plurality of contacts disposed on the front surface thereof adjacent the first edge thereof, the front surface of the third microelectronic element facing the first surface of the substrate; third leads electrically connecting the contacts of the third microelectronic element to the terminals; and fourth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and third microelectronic elements, the contacts of the first and third microelectronic elements being located on opposite sides of the aperture, the first, second, third, and fourth leads having portions aligned with the aperture.
 14. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 13, further comprising fifth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and second microelectronic elements.
 15. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 14, further comprising sixth leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the second and third microelectronic elements.
 16. A microelectronic component including first and second microelectronic assemblies, each microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, the first microelectronic assembly at least partially overlying the second microelectronic assembly, and the first terminals of the first microelectronic assembly being joined with the second terminals of the second microelectronic assembly.
 17. The microelectronic component as claimed in claim 16, wherein the microelectronic assemblies are electrically connected with one another through joining units arranged adjacent a periphery of the microelectronic component.
 18. The microelectronic component as claimed in claim 17, wherein the joining units are located outside of a depopulated central region of the microelectronic component.
 19. The microelectronic component as claimed in claim 16, wherein at least one of the first microelectronic elements is configured to predominantly perform a logic function, and at least one of the second microelectronic elements has a greater number of active devices configured to provide memory storage array function than any other function.
 20. The microelectronic component as claimed in claim 16, wherein at least some of the first terminals of the first microelectronic assembly and at least some of the second terminals of the second microelectronic assembly are arranged in an area array, and wherein the first and second microelectronic assemblies are joined by joining units that are electrically conductive masses of a bond metal.
 21. The microelectronic assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the microelectronic elements includes a volatile random access memory (RAM), and at least one of the microelectronic elements includes nonvolatile flash memory.
 22. A microelectronic assembly, comprising: a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, the substrate having contacts exposed at the first surface thereof and first terminals exposed at the second surface thereof; a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a rear surface remote therefrom, and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces, the first microelectronic element having a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element; a second microelectronic element having first and second opposed edges, a front surface extending between the first and second edges, and a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges, the front surface of the second microelectronic element facing the first microelectronic element and projecting beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element; an encapsulant at least partially covering the first and second microelectronic elements; first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the first terminals; second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the first terminals, the first and second leads having portions aligned with the aperture; second terminals exposed at a surface of the microelectronic assembly opposite from the second surface of the substrate, wherein at least some of the second terminals overlie at least one of the microelectronic elements, the surface of the microelectronic assembly at which the second terminals are exposed being a surface of a redistribution layer overlying a surface of the encapsulant and overlying the at least one of the microelectronic elements; and wire bonds having first ends joined to the contacts of the substrate and extending in an upward direction above and away from the first surface of the substrate, and having second ends connected directly to bottom surfaces of conductive elements of the redistribution layer that overlie the at least one of the microelectronic elements and not directly connected to either of the first or second microelectronic elements, the encapsulant covering at least portions of the wire bonds.
 23. A microelectronic assembly, comprising: a substrate having oppositely-facing first and second surfaces and an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces, the substrate having contacts exposed at the first surface thereof and first terminals exposed at the second surface thereof; a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a rear surface remote therefrom, and an edge extending between the front and rear surfaces, the first microelectronic element having a plurality of contacts exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge of the first microelectronic element; a second microelectronic element having first and second opposed edges, a front surface extending between the first and second edges, and a plurality of contacts disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof remote from the first and second edges, the front surface of the second microelectronic element facing the first microelectronic element and projecting beyond the edge of the first microelectronic element; first leads electrically connecting the contacts of the first microelectronic element to the first terminals; second leads connecting the contacts of the second microelectronic element to the first terminals, the first and second leads having portions aligned with the aperture; second terminals exposed at a surface of the microelectronic assembly opposite from the second surface of the substrate, wherein at least some of the second terminals overlie at least one of the microelectronic elements; and wire bonds extending in an upward direction away from the contacts of the substrate and above and away from the first surface of the substrate directly to the at least some of the second terminals that overlie the at least one of the microelectronic elements, wherein the wire bonds have bases attached to the contacts of the substrate and end surfaces remote from the contacts of the substrate and remote from the microelectronic elements, and for each of said wire bonds, the end surface is exposed as one of the second terminals or at least a portion of the end surface is directly connected to a bottom surface of one of the second terminals and not directly connected to either of the first or second microelectronic elements. 